- Description
Catalogue number
CYT-438
Synonyms
CCN2, NOV2, HCS24, IGFBP8, MGC102839, CTGF, Connective Tissue Growth Factor.
Introduction
Connective Tissue Growth Factor belongs to the CCN family of proteins. The CCN family presently consists of six members in human also known as: Cyr61 , CTGF , Nov , WISP-1, 2 and 3 . The CCN genes encode secreted proteins associated with the Extracellular Matrix and cell membrane. CCN proteins are matricellular proteins which are involved in the regulation of various cellular functions including: proliferation, differentiation, survival, adhesion and migration. They are expressed in derivatives of the three embryonic sheets and are implicated in the development of kidney, nervous system, muscle, bone marrow, cartilage and bone. During adulthood, they are implicated in wound healing, bone fracture repair, and pathologies such as: fibrosis, vascular ailments and tumorigenesis.
Full length secreted CCN proteins can show an antiproliferative activity, whereas truncated isoforms are likely to stimulate proliferation and behave as oncogenes. The full length protein consists of four modulesModule I shares partial identity with the N-terminal part of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins .
Module II includes a stretch of 70amino acid residues – which shares sequence identity with the Von Willebrand Factor Type C repeat .
Module III contains sequences sharing identity with the Thrombospondin type 1 repeat , which is thought to be implicated in the binding of sulfated glycoconjugates and to be important for cell adhesion. Module IV, also designated CT, is encoded by exon5. It is the leasts conserved one of the four domains at the level of nucleotide sequence, but it appears to be critical for several of the biological functions attributed to the CCN proteins. Module IV resembles the CT domain of several extracellular protein including, Von Willebrand’s factor and mucins. Sequence similarities to heparin-binding motifs are also found within this domain.
Proteolysis of the secreted full-length CCN proteins that has been reported in the case of CCN2 and CCN3 might result in the production of CCN-derived peptides with high affinity for ligands that full-length CNN proteins bind only poorly. Amino-truncated CCN2 isoforms were biologically active whereas no specific biological activity has been attributed to the truncated CCN3. Although the molecular processes underlying the production of these secreted isoforms is presently unknown, it is important to note that proteolysis occur at the same amino acid residues in both CCN2 and CCN3. An elevated expression of CCN2 has also been detected by Northern blotting in human invasive mammary ductal carcinomas, dermatofibromas, pyogenic granuloma, endothelial cells of angiolipomas and angioleiomyomas, and in pancreatic tumors. A study performed with chondrosarcomas representative of various histological grades established that CCN2 expression was closely correlated with increasing levels of malignancy. In agreement with CCN2 playing a role in brain tumor angiogenesis, immunocytochemistry studies indicated that both glioblastoma tumor cells and proliferating endothelial cells stained positive for CCN2. In astrocytomas, CCN2 expression was particularly elevated in high grade tumors, with a marked effect of CCN2 on cell proliferation. Downregulation of CCN2 expression in these cells was associated with a growth arrest at the G1/S transition while over-expression of CCN2 induced a two-fold increase of the number of cells in the G1 phase. Gene profiling analysis allowed to identify a set of about 50 genes whose expression might account for the proliferative activity of CCN2 in these cells. CCN2 was seen in a higher proportion of mononuclear cells of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Full length secreted CCN proteins can show an antiproliferative activity, whereas truncated isoforms are likely to stimulate proliferation and behave as oncogenes. The full length protein consists of four modulesModule I shares partial identity with the N-terminal part of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins .
Module II includes a stretch of 70amino acid residues – which shares sequence identity with the Von Willebrand Factor Type C repeat .
Module III contains sequences sharing identity with the Thrombospondin type 1 repeat , which is thought to be implicated in the binding of sulfated glycoconjugates and to be important for cell adhesion. Module IV, also designated CT, is encoded by exon5. It is the leasts conserved one of the four domains at the level of nucleotide sequence, but it appears to be critical for several of the biological functions attributed to the CCN proteins. Module IV resembles the CT domain of several extracellular protein including, Von Willebrand’s factor and mucins. Sequence similarities to heparin-binding motifs are also found within this domain.
Proteolysis of the secreted full-length CCN proteins that has been reported in the case of CCN2 and CCN3 might result in the production of CCN-derived peptides with high affinity for ligands that full-length CNN proteins bind only poorly. Amino-truncated CCN2 isoforms were biologically active whereas no specific biological activity has been attributed to the truncated CCN3. Although the molecular processes underlying the production of these secreted isoforms is presently unknown, it is important to note that proteolysis occur at the same amino acid residues in both CCN2 and CCN3. An elevated expression of CCN2 has also been detected by Northern blotting in human invasive mammary ductal carcinomas, dermatofibromas, pyogenic granuloma, endothelial cells of angiolipomas and angioleiomyomas, and in pancreatic tumors. A study performed with chondrosarcomas representative of various histological grades established that CCN2 expression was closely correlated with increasing levels of malignancy. In agreement with CCN2 playing a role in brain tumor angiogenesis, immunocytochemistry studies indicated that both glioblastoma tumor cells and proliferating endothelial cells stained positive for CCN2. In astrocytomas, CCN2 expression was particularly elevated in high grade tumors, with a marked effect of CCN2 on cell proliferation. Downregulation of CCN2 expression in these cells was associated with a growth arrest at the G1/S transition while over-expression of CCN2 induced a two-fold increase of the number of cells in the G1 phase. Gene profiling analysis allowed to identify a set of about 50 genes whose expression might account for the proliferative activity of CCN2 in these cells. CCN2 was seen in a higher proportion of mononuclear cells of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Description
CTGF Human Recombinant produced in E.coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 344 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 37.7kDa.
The CTGF is fused to a 21 amino acid His-Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
The CTGF is fused to a 21 amino acid His-Tag at N-terminus and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Source
Escherichia Coli.
Physical Appearance
Sterile Filtered clear solution.
Formulation
CTGF protein is supplied in 20mM Tris-HCl, pH-8 and 10% Glycerol.
Stability
Store at 4°C if entire vial will be used within 2-4 weeks.
Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time.
For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein .
Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Store, frozen at -20°C for longer periods of time.
For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein .
Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles.
Purity
Greater than 85.0% as determined by Analysis by -PAGE.
Amino acid sequence
MGSSHHHHHH SSGLVPRGSH MQNCSGPCRC PDEPAPRCPA GVSLVLDGCG CCRVCAKQLG ELCTERDPCD PHKGLFCDFG SPANRKIGVC TAKDGAPCIF GGTVYRSGES FQSSCKYQCT CLDGAVGCMP LCSMDVRLPS PDCPFPRRVK LPGKCCEEWV CDEPKDQTVV GPALAAYRLE DTFGPDPTMI RANCLVQTTE WSACSKTCGM GISTRVTNDN ASCRLEKQSR LCMVRPCEAD LEENIKKGKK CIRTPKISKP IKFELSGCTS MKTYRAKFCG VCTDGRCCTP HRTTTLPVEF KCPDGEVMKK NMMFIKTCAC HYNCPGDNDI FESLYYRKMY GDMA.
Usage
ProSpec’s products are furnished for LABORATORY RESEARCH USE ONLY. The product may not be used as drugs, agricultural or pesticidal products, food additives or household chemicals.
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